[1]   I. Foster and C. Kesselman, Eds., The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure. San Francisco, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 1999.

[2]   T. Prudhomme, C. Kesselman, T. Finholt, I. Foster, D. Parsons, D. Abrams, J.-P. Bardet, R. Pennington, J. Towns, R. Butler, J. Futrelle, N. Zaluzec, and J. Hardin, “NEESgrid: A Distributed Virtual Laboratory for Advanced Earthquake Experimentation and Simulation: Scoping Study,” Tech. Rep., 2001, http://it.nees.org/library.

[3]   W. E. Allcock, I. T. Foster, V. Nefedova, A. L. Chervenak, E. Deelman, C. Kesselman, J. Lee, A. Sim, A. Shoshani, B. Drach, and D. Williams, “High-Performance Remote Access to Climate Simulation Data: A Challenge Problem for Data Grid Technologies,” in Supercomputing 2001, 2001, p. 46.

[4]   E. Deelman, C. Kesselman, G. Mehta, L. Meshkat, L. Pearlman, K. Blackburn, P. Ehrens, A. Lazzarini, R. Williams, and S. Koranda, “GriPhyN and LIGO, Building a Virtual Data Grid for Gravitational Wave Scientists,” in Proceedings of the 11 th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2002, p. 225.

[5]   Kelvin K. Droegemeier, V. Chandrasekar, R. Clark, D. Gannon, S. Graves, E. Joseph, M. Ramamurthy, R. Wilhelmson, K. Brewster, B. Domenico, T. Leyton, V. Morris, D. Murray, B. Plale, R. Ramachandran, D. Reed, J. Rushing, D. Weber, A. Wilson, M. Xue, and S. Yalda, “Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery (LEAD): A Cyberinfrastructure for Mesoscale Meteorology Research and Education,” in 20th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, 2004.

[6]   T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, and C. Stein, “Topological Sort,” in Introduction to algorithms, 2nd Edition. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2001, ch. Section 22.4, pp. 549–552.

[7]   “The Grid Workflow Forum,” http://www.gridworkflow.org.

[8]   “DAGMan (Directed Acyclic Graph Manager),” http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/dagman.

[9]   T. Oinn, M. Greenwood, M. Addis, M. N. Alpdemir, J. Ferris, K. Glover, C. Goble, A. Goderis, D. Hull, D. Marvin, P. Li, P. Lord, M. R. Pocock, M. Senger, R. Stevens, A. Wipat, and C. Wroe, “Taverna: Lessons in Creating a Workflow Environment for the Life Sciences,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1067–1100, 2006.

[10]   “Java CoG Kit Karajan/Gridant Workflow Guide,” http://www.cogkit.org/release/4_0_a1/manual/workflow.pdf.

[11]   D. Churches, G. Gombas, A. Harrison, J. Maassen, C. Robinson, M. Shields, I. Taylor, and I. Wang, “Programming Scientific and Distributed Workflow with Triana Services,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1021–1037, 2006.

[12]   T. Fahringer, A. Jugravu, S. Pllana, R. Prodan, J. Clovis Seragiotto, and H.-L. Truong, “ASKALON: A Tool Set for Cluster and Grid Computing,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience, vol. 17, no. 2-4, pp. 143–169, 2005.

[13]   E. Deelman, J. Blythe, Y. Gil, C. Kesselman, G. Mehta, K. Vahi, K. Blackburn, A. Lazzarini, A. Arbree, R. Cavanaugh, and S. Koranda, “Mapping Abstract Complex Workflows onto Grid Environments,” Journal of Grid Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 25–39, 2003.

[14]   J. Yu, R. Buyya, and C. K. Tham, “Cost-based Scheduling of Scientific Workflow Applications on Utility Grids,” in Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing. Melbourne, Australia: IEEE Computer Society, 2005.

[15]   A. M. Weinberg, “Impact of Large-Scale Science on the United States,” Science, vol. 134, pp. 161–164, Jul. 1961.

[16]   A. Berson, Client/Server Architecture. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.

[17]   “Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA),” http://www.corba.org.

[18]   “OpenSSL: The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS,” http://www.openssl.org.

[19]   “Secure Shell,” http://www.openssh.org.

[20]   “The Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard,” http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/.

[21]   “The OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing),” http://www.openmp.org.

[22]   “Sun Grid Engine, Sun Microsystems,” http://gridengine.sunsource.net.

[23]   “Load Sharing Facility, Resource Management and Job Scheduling System,” http://www.platform.com/products/HPC.

[24]   “Portable Batch System (PBS) Professional,” http://www.altair.com/software/pbspro.htm.

[25]   “TOP500 Supercomputing Sites,” http://www.top500.org.

[26]   “Big Science, in Encyclopedia Britannica,” http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9117806/Big-Science.

[27]   “European Organization for Nuclear Research,” http://www.cern.ch/.

[28]   “Hubble Space Telescope (HST),” http://hubble.nasa.gov/index.php.

[29]   C. Murray and C. B. Cox, Apollo: The Race to the Moon. Simon & Schuster, 1989.

[30]   “World Wide Web Consortium,” http://www.w3.org.

[31]   “Big Computers For Big Science,” http://www.physorg.com/news903.html.

[32]   I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and S. Tuecke, “The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations,” International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 200–222, 2001.

[33]   D. E. Atkins, K. K. Droegemeier, S. I. Feldman, H. Garcia-Molina, M. L. Klein, D. G. Messerschmitt, P. Messina, J. P. Ostriker, and M. H. Wright, “Revolutionizing Science and Engineering Through Cyberinfrastructure,” Report of the National Science Foundation Blue Ribbon Advisory Panel on CyberInfrastructure, 2003.

[34]   I. Foster, J. Geisler, B. Nickless, W. Smith, and S. Tuecke, “Software Infrastructure for the I-WAY High-Performance Distributed Computing Experiment,” in Proceedings of the High Performance Distributed Computing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 1996, p. 562.

[35]   “Grid Computing Info Centre (GRID Infoware),” http://www.gridcomputing.com.

[36]   “Grid Application and Deployment Projects in Science and Engineering,” http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/~foster/grid-projects/.

[37]   I. Foster and C. Kesselman, “The Globus Project: A Status Report,” in Proceedings of the Seventh Heterogeneous Computing Workshop. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 1998, p. 4.

[38]   I. Foster, C. Kesselman, G. Tsudik, and S. Tuecke, “A Security Architecture for Computational Grids,” in Proceedings of the 5th ACM conference on Computer and communications security. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 1998, pp. 83–92.

[39]   K. Czajkowski, I. T. Foster, N. T. Karonis, C. Kesselman, S. Martin, W. Smith, and S. Tuecke, “A Resource Management Architecture for Metacomputing Systems,” in Proceedings of the Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 1998, pp. 62–82.

[40]   I. Foster, C. Kesselman, C. Lee, R. Lindell, K. Nahrstedt, and A. Roy, “A Distributed Resource Management Architecture that Supports Advance Reservations and Co-Allocation,” in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Quality of Service, 1999.

[41]   K. Czajkowski, C. Kesselman, S. Fitzgerald, and I. Foster, “Grid Information Services for Distributed Resource Sharing,” vol. 00. IEEE Computer Society, 2001, p. 0181.

[42]   A. Chervenak, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, C. Salisbury, and S. Tuecke, “The Data Grid: Towards an Architecture for the Distributed Management and Analysis of Large Scientific Datasets,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 187–200, July 2000.

[43]   I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J. M. Nick, and S. Tuecke, “Grid Services for Distributed System Integration,” Computer, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 37–46, 2002.

[44]   M. Baker, R. Buyya, and D. Laforenza, “Grids and Grid Technologies for Wide-Area Distributed Computing,” SoftwarePractice & Experience, vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 1437–1466, 2002.

[45]   Workload Management with LoadLeveler, IBM Redbook Abstract, 2001.

[46]   “Ganglia Monitoring System,” http://ganglia.sourceforge.net.

[47]   “Simple Object Access Protocol,” http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/.

[48]   D. K. Barry, The Savvy Manager’s Guide to Web Services and Service-Oriented Architectures. San Francisco, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 2003.

[49]   “The Globus Project,” http://www.globus.org.

[50]   W. E. Allcock, J. Bresnahan, R. Kettimuthu, and M. Link, “The Globus Striped GridFTP Framework and Server,” in Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2005, p. 54.

[51]   A. Chervenak, E. Deelman, I. Foster, L. Guy, W. Hoschek, A. Iamnitchi, C. Kesselman, P. Kunszt, M. Ripeanu, B. Schwartzkopf, H. Stockinger, K. Stockinger, and B. Tierney, “Giggle: a Framework for Constructing Scalable Replica Location Services,” in Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing. Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002, pp. 1–17.

[52]   Web Services Description Language (WSDL), World Wide Web Consortium, http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.

[53]   T. L. Casavant and J. G. Kuhl, “A Taxonomy of Scheduling in General-Purpose Distributed Computing Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 141–154, 1988.

[54]   J. Nabrzyski, J. M. Schopf, and J. Weglarz, Eds., Grid Resource Management: State Of the Art and Future Trends. Norwell, MA, USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

[55]   Y. Yan and B. Chapman, “Campus Grids Meet Applications: Modeling, Metascheduling and Integration,” Journal of Grid Computing, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 159–175, June 2006.

[56]   I. Foster, E. Alpert, A. Chervenak, B. Drach, C. Kesselman, V. Nefedova, D. Middleton, A. Shoshani, A. Sim, D. Williams, “Earth System Grid II (ESG): Turning Climate Model Datasets Into Community Resources,” Proceedings of the American Meterologcal Society Conference, 2001.

[57]   L. Pearlman, C. Kesselman, S. Gullapalli, B. F. Spencer, J. Futrelle, K. Ricker, I. Foster, P. Hubbard, and C. Severance, “Distributed Hybrid Earthquake Engineering Experiments: Experiences with a Ground-Shaking Grid Application,” in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2004, pp. 14–23.

[58]   T. Sun, J. Liu, I. Shen, and Y. Ma, “Numerical Simulation of Car Crash Analysis Based on Distributed Computational Environment,” in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2002, p. 334.

[59]   E. Deelman, R. Plante, C. Kesselman, G. Singh, M.-H. Su, G. Greene, R. Hanisch, N. Gaffney, A. Volpicelli, J. Annis, V. Sekhri, T. Budavari, M. Nieto-Santisteban, W. O’Mullane, D. Bohlender, T. McGlynn, A. Rots, and O. Pevunova, “Grid-Based Galaxy Morphology Analysis for the National Virtual Observatory,” in Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2003, p. 47.

[60]   K. Keahey, T. Fredian, Q. Peng, D. P. Schissel, M. Thompson, I. Foster, M. Greenwald, and D. McCune, “Computational Grids in Action: the National Fusion Collaboratory,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1005–1015, 2002.

[61]   I. J. Taylor, E. Deelman, D. B. Gannon, and M. Shields, Workflows for e-Science: Scientific Workflows for Grids. Springer, 2006, ch. 1.

[62]   “Workflow Management Coalition,” http://www.wfmc.org/.

[63]   The Workflow Reference Model, Workflow Management Coalition, 1995.

[64]   T. Murata, “Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications,” in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 77, Apr. 1989, pp. 541–580.

[65]   W.M.P. van der Aalst, “The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management,” The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 21–66, 1998.

[66]   N. R. Adam, V. Atluri, and W. Huang, “Modeling and Analysis of Workflows Using Petri Nets,” Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 131–158, 1998.

[67]   M. Litzkow, M. Livny, and M. Mutka, “Condor - A Hunter of Idle Workstations,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of Distributed Computing Systems, June 1988.

[68]   I. Foster, J.-S. Vöckler, M. Wilde, and Y. Zhao, “Chimera: A Virtual Data System for Representing, Querying and Automating Data Derivation,” in 14th International Conference on Scientific Database Management, 2002, pp. 37–46.

[69]   “The Virtual Data Language Reference Manual,” http://www.griphyn.org/workspace/VDS/langref/index.html.

[70]   “XScufl Language Reference,” http://taverna.sourceforge.net/docs/xscuflspecification.html.

[71]   M. Wieczorek, R. Prodan, and T. Fahringer, “Scheduling of Scientific Workflows in the ASKALON Grid Environment,” ACM SIGMOD Record Journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 56–62, 2005.

[72]   W. M. P. van der Aalst and A. H. M. ter Hofstede, “YAWL: Yet Another Workflow Language,” Information System, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 245–275, 2005.

[73]   “BPEL4WS: Business Process Execution Language for Web Services v1.0,” http://www.106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/wsbpel.

[74]   D. D. Roure and J. A. Hendler, “E-Science: The Grid and the Semantic Web,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 65–71, 2004.

[75]   “Resource Description Framework (RDF),” http://www.w3.org/RDF.

[76]   “OWL Web Ontology Language Overview,” http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features.

[77]   “The Globus Resource Specification Language RSL v1.0,” http://www-fp.globus.org/gram/rsl_spec1.html.

[78]   B. Ludscher, I. Altintas, C. Berkley, D. Higgins, E. Jaeger, M. Jones, E. A. Lee, J. Tao, and Y. Zhao, “Scientific Workflow Management and the Kepler System,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1039–1065, 2006.

[79]   M. Wieczorek, M. Siddiqui, A. Villazon, R. Prodan, and T. Fahringer, “Applying Advance Reservation to Increase Predictability of Workflow Execution on the Grid,” Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing, vol. 0, p. 82, 2006.

[80]   J. Yu and R. Buyya, “Scheduling Scientific Workflow Applications with Deadline and Budget Constraints using Genetic Algorithms,” Scientific Programming Journal, Special Issue: Scientific Workflows, vol. 14, pp. 217–230, 2006.

[81]   J. Cao, S. A. Jarvis, S. Saini, and G. R. Nudd, “Gridflow: Workflow management for grid computing,” in Proceedings of the 3st International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2003, p. 198.

[82]   K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, and C. Kesselman, “Resource Co-Allocation in Computational Grids,” in Proceedings of the The Eighth IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 1999, p. 37.

[83]   “Maui Moab Grid Scheduler,” http://www.clusterresources.com/products/mgs.

[84]   G. Mateescu, “Quality of Service on the Grid via Metascheduling with Resource Co-Scheduling and Co-Reservation,” International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 209–218, 2003.

[85]   W. Smith, I. Foster, and V. Taylor, “Scheduling with Advanced Reservations,” Proceedings of the 14th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, vol. 00, p. 127, 2000.

[86]   K. Czajkowski, I. T. Foster, C. Kesselman, V. Sander, and S. Tuecke, “SNAP: A Protocol for Negotiating Service Level Agreements and Coordinating Resource Management in Distributed Systems,” in The 8th International Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 2002, pp. 153–183.

[87]   A. Pugliese and D. Talia, “Application-Oriented Scheduling in the Knowledge Grid: A Model and Architecture,” in International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications (ICCSA). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp. 55–65.

[88]   “Community Scheduler Framework,” http://www.platform.com/products/Globus.

[89]   R. Buyya, D. Abramson, and J. Giddy, “Nimrod/G: An Architecture for a Resource Management and Scheduling System in a Global Computational Grid,” in The 4th International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region, vol. 01. Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2000, p. 283.

[90]   A. Bose, B. Wickman, and C. Wood, “MARS: A Metascheduler for Distributed Resources in Campus Grids,” in Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing (GRID’04). Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2004, pp. 110–118.

[91]   F. D. Berman, R. Wolski, S. Figueira, J. Schopf, and G. Shao, “Application-Level Scheduling on Distributed Heterogeneous Networks,” in Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 1996, p. 39.

[92]   “GRACCE: GRid Application Coordination, Collaboration and Execution,” http://www.cs.uh.edu/~gracce.

[93]   B. Chapman, P. Raghunath, B. Sundaram, and Y. Yan, “Air Quality Prediction in a Production Quality Grid Environment,” in Engineering the Grid: Status and Perspective, B. D. Martino, J. Dongarra, A. Hoisie, L. T. Yang, and H. Zima, Eds. American Scientific Publishers.

[94]   B. Chapman, H. Donepudi, J. He, Y. Li, P. Raghunath, B. Sundaram, and Y. Yan, “Grid Environment with Web-Based Portal Access for Air Quality Modeling,” in Parallel and Distributed Scientific and Engineering Computing: Practice and Experience, Y. Pan and L. T. Yang, Eds. Nova Science Publishers, vol. 15.

[95]   B. M. Chapman, H. Donepudi, Y. Li, P. Raghunath, B. Sundaram, Y. Yan, and J. He, “An OGSI-Compliant Portal for Campus Grids,” in 10th ISPE International Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications, 2003, pp. 987–994.

[96]   Y. Yan, B. M. Chapman, and B. Sundaram, “Air Quality Forecasting on Campus Grid Environment,” in the Workshop on Grid Applications: From Early Adopters to Mainstream Users, GGF14, June 2005.

[97]   “W3C XML Schema,” http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema.

[98]   “The XMLBeans,” http://xmlbeans.apache.org/.

[99]   “Web Services Notification,” http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsn.

[100]   “Grid Resource Allocation Agreement Protocol Working Group (GRAAP-WG),” https://forge.gridforum.org/sf/projects/graap-wg.

[101]   S.-H. Jang, V. E. Taylor, X. Wu, M. Prajugo, E. Deelman, G. Mehta, and K. Vahi, “Performance Prediction-based versus Load-based Site Selection: Quantifying the Difference,” in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems, 2005, pp. 148–153.

[102]   R. Gibbons, “A Historical Application Profiler for Use by Parallel Schedulers,” in Proceedings of the Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 1997, pp. 58–77.

[103]   R. Wolski, “Forecasting Network Performance to Support Dynamic Scheduling Using the Network Weather Service,” in Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 1997, p. 316.

[104]   R. Buyya and M. Murshed, “GridSim: A Toolkit for the Modeling and Simulation of Distributed Resource Management and Scheduling for Grid Computing,” The Journal of Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience (CCPE), vol. 14, 2002.

[105]   M. A. Jette, “Performance Characteristics of Gang Scheduling in Multiprogrammed Environments,” in Proceedings of the 1997 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 1997, pp. 1–12.

[106]   “yFiles - Java Graph Layout and Visualization Library,” http://www.yworks.com/en/products_yfiles_about.htm.

[107]   H. Li, J. Chen, Y. Tao, D. Gro, and L. Wolters, “Improving a Local Learning Technique for Queue Wait Time Predictions,” Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, vol. 0, pp. 335–342, 2006.

[108]   W. Smith, V. E. Taylor, and I. T. Foster, “Using Run-Time Predictions to Estimate Queue Wait Times and Improve Scheduler Performance,” in Proceedings of the Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing. London, UK: Springer-Verlag, 1999, pp. 202–219.

[109]   A. B. Downey, “Predicting Queue Times on Space-Sharing Parallel Computers,” in Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Parallel Processing. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 1997, pp. 209–218.

[110]   D. Nurmi, A. Mandal, J. Brevik, C. Koelbel, R. Wolski, and K. Kennedy, “Evaluation of a Workflow Scheduler Using Integrated Performance Modelling and Batch Queue Wait Time Prediction,” in Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 2006, p. 119.